Overtime

Meaningful moments can form faster without an agenda.

When so much of business communication is graded by productivity, meetings, pre-planned talking points, goals, and recorded remains, there is mysterious value in extended conversations that have purpose, but no end goal.

Extended discussions create space to pass interesting anecdotes, unstructured opportunities, and unforeseen knowledge grenades. While it’s uncommon, consider how bonus time connects friends who simply haven’t met yet.

Extra Shot

Most are oversubscribed. This creates an illusion of being busy, but a peculiar conversation is rarely a waste of time.

Long-term leaders expand minds while tightening impact networks along the way. Respect the extra time required, but let’s invite these verbal volleys and when asked to go into overtime, stay thirsty and see what happens.

By Ben McDougal, ago

Teaching Adaptability

Introduction

In today’s rapidly changing world, adaptability isn’t just a nice-to-have skill, t’s essential for survival and success. But how do we teach young people to adapt when traditional education systems often reward rigidity and conformity? Through my work with Pi515, a Des Moines-based nonprofit focused on STEM education for underserved youth, I’ve learned that adaptability isn’t taught through lectures or worksheets. It’s cultivated through experience, failure, patience, and the willingness to meet each child exactly where they are.

I was raised to not make assumptions. I’m solution-oriented, and because of this, I’ve learned to use data to predict what we should teach students. At the core of what we do is understanding learning, understanding each student, and building solutions that work for their unique circumstances. This chapter explores how hands-on learning, entrepreneurship, and real-world challenges develop the kind of adaptability young people need to thrive.

How Technology Teaches Students to Adapt

When students engage with rapidly changing technology, they enter a world where adaptability isn’t optional. A line of code that worked yesterday might break today. A robot design that seemed perfect on paper fails in practice. A 3D print cracks halfway through. In these moments, students learn that failure isn’t final; it’s feedback.

I remember one particular day in our Python learning class. The students had been preparing for weeks to pitch their projects to a CEO. They’d formed teams, written code, and built presentations. There was one team of only girls, and they were ready. But that day, the day of the pitch, their code stopped working.

In a traditional classroom, this would have been devastating, a failed grade, a missed opportunity. But these young women had something more valuable than working code: they had the best PowerPoint presentation of all the teams. They adapted. They showed up. They demonstrated their understanding, their vision, and their ability to communicate even when the technical piece failed them.

Code doesn’t always work. Sometimes it crashes. Teaching tech allows young people to learn in safe spaces and understand that things sometimes fail, and you have to pick yourself up. Opportunities do come, but when you are prepared, even when challenges arise, you can thrive and show up in other ways.

This is the iterative nature of STEM learning. When the code doesn’t work, you redesign. When the robot fails, you troubleshoot. When the 3D print breaks, you try again. Each failure is a lesson in adaptation, each setback an opportunity to approach the problem differently. Students learn that there are multiple pathways to success, and the ability to pivot is often more valuable than getting it right the first time.

The Unique Adaptability of Underserved Students

Students who face economic instability, navigate new countries, or overcome language barriers already possess remarkable adaptability skills. They’ve had to adapt to survive. The question isn’t whether they can adapt—it’s whether we, as educators, can create environments where those existing skills are recognized, valued, and channeled into educational and economic opportunities.

I have seen young people navigate many challenges, and I have seen them win. One story stays with me. I had a student who got pregnant while she was still in high school. In her culture, her father insisted she should get married. But she needed her education. She had dreams beyond what others expected of her.

Though we teach tech at Pi515, we also teach entrepreneurship. This young woman was able to get her GED, but more importantly, she started a business. Today she is an entrepreneur. But before she got there, she had to do things that were uncomfortable. She tried the nursing field. She explored different pathways. She adapted.

When supporting young people, you have to be patient, and you have to truly take time to know who they are and what their skills are. I knew she was good at braiding hair. I would have her do my hair, and I would pay her. It was a small thing, but it helped her see her skill as valuable.

This experience opened my eyes to systemic barriers that require their own kind of adaptation. I began advocating for braiding hair legislation in Iowa—a bill that would allow women to own braiding shops without going to cosmetology school, because cosmetology schools don’t teach braiding and the license requirements don’t make sense for a skill that doesn’t require cutting or chemicals. I didn’t know when I started that advocacy that it would support young women like her. But that’s the nature of adaptability—you learn, you adjust, you find solutions you didn’t know you were looking for.

Her story illustrates a crucial truth: adaptability isn’t just about bouncing back from failure. It’s about recognizing your skills, even when others don’t see them. It’s about finding paths forward when the traditional routes are blocked. It’s about being uncomfortable and doing it anyway.

Meeting Each Child Where They’re At

Adaptability can’t be taught through a one-size-fits-all curriculum. Each student carries their own story, and it is important to not put them in one box. We must give them a safe space to learn and grow, and we must be willing to adapt our teaching to meet their needs.

This requires adaptability from educators, too. When I say we meet each child where they’re at, I mean we truly assess what they know, what they need, and what’s possible given their circumstances. One student might need help with basic communication skills such as ,,,mhow to send an email, how to understand an email. These might seem like simple exercises, but reading emails, writing emails, understanding what to do with the email, knowing what you need to best respond to it—these are crucial skills.

Another student might be ready for advanced coding or robotics. Another might need entrepreneurship training. Another might need us to recognize that their talent lies somewhere we haven’t looked yet—like braiding hair, or art, or community organizing.

You can’t force kids to be who they can’t be, but it’s important to teach key skills that allow them to thrive. Communication skills, for example, are universally valuable. So is the ability to adapt your approach based on what’s working and what isn’t.

Building Adaptability From the Ground Up

We teach these skills young. And yes, how children learn starts at home. I often encourage parents to allow their children to build real-world capacity through everyday experiences.

Chores teach responsibility and follow-through. When a child commits to a task and sees it through, even when it’s boring or difficult, they’re learning to adapt to necessary but unpleasant realities.

Limited screen time, planned and organized—not random and endless—teaches children that entertainment isn’t constant and that boredom can be productive. Adaptability often means making do with what you have rather than reaching for constant stimulation.

Reading actual books builds attention span, imagination, and comprehension. In a world of quick hits and short videos, the ability to sit with a longer narrative and adapt to its pace is increasingly rare and valuable.

Volunteer opportunities where parents don’t intervene teach confidence and social awareness. When young people have to navigate new situations, work with different kinds of people, and solve problems independently, they develop adaptability muscles.

A part-time job while in school teaches time management, humility, and communication. It’s not a bad idea. Students learn to adapt to workplace expectations, to balance competing demands, and to show up even when they’d rather not.

And don’t underestimate simple things: a walk to the park, unhurried conversation, noticing nature, asking questions. Those quiet moments can add real value to young minds. In silence and slowness, we learn to be present and to adapt to the rhythm of the world rather than demanding the world adapt to us.

Student Ownership and Adaptive Pathways

When students have ownership of their educational pathway, they must adapt constantly. Interests change. Challenges arise. Opportunities emerge. The student who thought they wanted to be a nurse discovers a passion for business. The student who loved robotics finds they’re equally talented at graphic design. The student who struggled with traditional academics thrives in hands-on learning.

This kind of ownership requires a different relationship between educator and student. Rather than dictating a fixed path, we create conditions where students can explore, fail, adjust, and try again. We watch for what lights them up. We notice where they struggle and why. We adapt our support to match their evolving needs.

This is where individualized pathways become essential. When we give students the choice to pursue what interests them—whether that’s coding, 3D printing, entrepreneurship, or something else entirely—we’re teaching them that they have agency. And with agency comes the responsibility to adapt when things don’t go as planned.

Entrepreneurship as Adaptability Training

Perhaps nowhere is adaptability more evident than in entrepreneurship. Starting a business requires constant adjustment. You have an idea, you test it, you get feedback, you pivot. The market shifts. Customers need change. Your initial plan rarely survives contact with reality.

Entrepreneurship education teaches young people to embrace this uncertainty. They learn to see feedback not as criticism but as gold. Good feedback can take you to places you need to go. It shows you what you missed, what you assumed, what needs to change.

Most people are always looking for mentors. Young people need to be mentored, absolutely. But they also need to mentor us adults. They thrive in areas where we struggle. They understand technologies, cultures, and social dynamics that we don’t. The relationship has to be reciprocal. They need to learn from us, but we need to learn from them.

This mutual adaptability—where both mentor and mentee adjust to each other, where both teacher and student learn—creates a dynamic environment where everyone grows. The young woman who became a hair braiding entrepreneur taught me about barriers I hadn’t seen. The girls whose code crashed taught me about resilience I hadn’t expected. Every student I’ve worked with has required me to adapt my assumptions, my methods, and my understanding.

Adaptability as a Lifelong Practice

Adaptability isn’t a skill you master once and then possess forever. It’s a practice, a way of approaching the world with openness rather than rigidity. It requires patience—with yourself, with circumstances, with others. It requires the willingness to be uncomfortable. It requires recognizing that there are multiple paths to any destination and that sometimes the path you’re on needs to change.

Through hands-on STEM learning, entrepreneurship, and individualized pathways, we can create environments where young people—especially those who have been underserved by traditional systems—develop the adaptability they need to thrive in an uncertain world.

We must meet each child where they’re at, not where we wish they were. We must create safe spaces for failure and growth. We must recognize that the skills students need aren’t always found in textbooks. Sometimes they’re found in a makerspace where code crashes. Sometimes they’re found in starting a business when everyone expects you to take a different path. Sometimes they’re found in doing someone’s hair and realizing that skill has value.

Adaptability is about seeing possibilities where others see obstacles. It’s about using data and observation to build solutions rather than making assumptions. It’s about being solution-oriented even when the problems are complex and the answers aren’t clear.

Our young people are capable of remarkable adaptation. Our job is to get out of their way—and to adapt ourselves to support them better.

By Ben McDougal, ago

Interested Introductions

Leaving a networking event with a pocket full of business cards can feel rewarding, so why do these relics from past interactions quickly feel more like rubble? This can happen when introductory conversations are approached as transactions for immediate progress, instead of connections built for consistent progress over time. When the focus is quantity, we tend to set authenticity aside and put on a show in hopes of getting what we want as quickly as possible. Playing this type of networking game may connect the dots that sit on the surface, but this approach typically won’t convert conversations into a foundation for memorable and sustained connectivity beyond the moment. Flipping this tendency is simple, but it requires shifting the goal from what we want out of the first contact with someone, to what both/all parties need to feel a connection. That shift comes much easier when we make the conscious decision to be more interested in who we’re meeting than we are concerned with being interesting to them.

EXTRA SHOT

This contribution was written by Nick O’Brien. Nick is a founder and creative economy strategist who connects people to people, people to place, and people to potential.

When meeting people, it doesn’t matter what we’re working on. Ironically, being valuable in a first encounter is about listening and learning rather than presenting ourselves as valuable. It’s about making mental links between them and others in our network. It’s conjuring inverse charisma, leaning into playforce principles, and igniting feelings in others that differentiate our first encounters from agenda-focused introductions. These feelings produce a neurochemical reaction that sparks the brain’s amygdala and hippocampus simultaneously. It’s as if a potent cup of coffee is being poured into the parts of our brain responsible for creating and storing memories. In other words, when introductory conversations unlock the true emotions of connection, the chances for strong memories of the interaction significantly increase. This makes it easier to stay in tune with more variety as our network expands.

After years of observing the ways we approach meeting someone new, a few basic trends emerge based on different types of people. Introverts are more careful with what they say. They’ll share experiences, perspectives, and opinions, but typically not without being asked. Extroverts are more likely to stand out, as they share their experiences, perspectives, and ideas more openly. While there’s a complex conversation required to further understand extraversion, introversion, and ambiversion, let’s zoom in on how introverts and extroverts encounter the first moments of potential connection.

When introverts meet, they typically stay on the surface. The hidden intent is to not stand out, especially if what they say or do might make them seem less interesting. While this reserved approach might lead to an easy, free-flowing conversation, it’s not conducive to getting below the surface where unique experiences, perspectives, and insights can be exchanged. This play-it-safe approach actually decreases the chances they’ll remember each other, because unique feelings were not shared during the interaction.

As two extroverts collide, they both dive right in. With an intent of being interesting to the other person, they soon begin to subtly one-up each other to earn attention. Both extroverts may be energized, but the feelings of this memory are built on comparisons to the other person. Instead of feeling genuinely intrigued by what’s possible, confident people are left dwelling on their shortcomings, or worse, become driven to clash rather than to connect.

When introverts and extroverts cross paths, it’s natural for an extrovert to dominate the conversation. Unsurprisingly, both personality types are comfortable during these interactions. The introvert is less worried about standing out when all they have to do is listen. The extrovert shares their most interesting attributes, which makes them feel comfortable as well. While the introvert learns about the extrovert and may have experienced emotions to help them remember more, without the extrovert learning about the introvert, it’s unlikely that the extrovert feels much connection when they did all the talking.

Maintaining an interest in perpetual learning is the key when meeting new people. With practice, you’ll become more knowledgeable and better at recalling what you know about who you know.

What you know about who you know can be a superpower in the form of making introductions. The goal is for the introduction to be concise (15-20 seconds), aligned, and engaging enough to not only have sticking power, but also generate immediate interest in taking action as a result of the conversations you help curate. An interested introduction can be boiled down to a compelling story that includes 5 elements – exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution.

  1. Exposition = Name The Story
    The names of who you’re introducing become the title of this story, creating a new folder in the introducees’ minds for the information you’re about to share. Many struggle to remember names, which correlates with why we struggle to remember what we’ve learned about people. As you evoke unique feelings with your introductions, you’ll find yourself remembering the names and related details of more people. Once names are shared, one go-to detail to include is how you met the introducees, especially if you met through mutual connections, at a place they’re both drawn to, or during an activity they both enjoy. This will create immediate feelings of proximity, while demonstrating that the details of your connection are meaningful enough to remember. The relevant context also helps us tap into the knowledge we’ll need for taking the next step in making unforgettable introductions.
  2. Rising Action = Spark Connection
    Briefly explaining your knowledge about each person’s purpose or mission can spark early feelings of connection.  Remember, what someone cares the most about is rarely found on their business card. As you notice the introducees’ intrigue in each others’ callings, this is when you’ll align both parties with the shared potential between their respective missions. A connection sparked through what each person cares deeply about welcomes a variety of uniquely-aligned feelings that deepen memory, and sets the intro up perfectly for what comes next.
  3. Climax = Celebrate Together
    Now we open the door to shared feelings, as the emotions of celebration are useful to tap into at this stage. By sharing a milestone that the people you’re introducing have recently experienced, each can revel in their own interesting journey while also learning about and cheering on who they’re meeting. Ideally, the milestones being celebrated are linked to the details you’ve shared already.  This can be tricky if you don’t know people well, but get creative with small wins to always have this option. Large or small, professional or personal, mutual celebration is an experience of shared emotion that will make the moment more memorable.
  4. Falling Action = Align Focus
    With connection established and shared celebration flowing, the introducees will be eager to learn how else they can engage with each other. If possible, highlight an obstacle they’re facing or a potential milestone within a project they’re enthused about. If you don’t have these details, hint at potential intersections between their respective journeys. The context we add here invites the exchange of experiential wisdom and new ideas into the conversation that follows.
  5. Resolution = Invite Action
    The stars of this story feel less pressure to act interesting, because you’ve done it for them. Now finish the intro story and encourage a longer sequel! To do this, mention (types of) people who each may need to meet in the next chapters of their respective stories. Ideally, these are folks the other knows and can easily make an introduction to. If you don’t have deep knowledge of the introducees’ networks, name people you know are relevant to the connection between them. If the suggestions are genuine, a sense of being in the right place at the right time, inspires emotions that come with action.

We have now set the stage for a memorable, emotion-based conversation by including relevant information that makes any personality type feel significance. This introduces equitable, level-setting hooks for a conversation to flourish without you as a constant conduit between them.

Extra Shot

Create Your Magic

When this method sets a virtuous tone between the people you introduce, there’s no need to rush away, but be quick to hand the mic. Enjoy listening and watch the story you curated take the spotlight. It’s beautiful to see people meet someone they feel a connection with and the more we do this, the more often our interested introductions lead to a new, but lasting node within the startup community. More memories are made, others strengthened.

Overtime is always nice, but remember we must also keep moving to share time with others, especially when we’re hosting the networking event. The art of stepping away in style is an added real skill. As we read about in You Don’t Need This Book, this is handy when one conversation starts to monopolize time. To stand out, bring more people into the circle. Introduce everyone using this same method and watch the value swell. You then have the option to stick around or excuse yourself. Even if you leave the chat, your energy will remain a part of that new conversation as you mingle elsewhere. Another approach is to joke that it’s time for everyone to go meet more new people. This lighthearted suggestion is rewarded as connectors become connected and more people are invited to build relationships without always needing you in the room.

As these unique interactions are personified by emotion, mutual memories lay a foundation for true connection. When true connections show up, follow up, and keep adding diversity through a positive-sum mindset, the expansive value of a community can be realized.

By Ben McDougal, ago